Octobre 2017. Le Monde Diplomatique. Le vent du libre-échange souffle de plus belle sur le continent noir. D’un côté, l’Union européenne accroît sa pression sur les capitales africaines pour finaliser la signature d’accords de partenariat économique (APE) et en finir avec les préférences commerciales non réciproques : pour conserver l’exemption des droits de douane sur leurs exportations vers l’Europe, les Africains devront supprimer 80 % de ceux qui s’appliquent aux importations en provenance du Marché commun. De l’autre, l’Union africaine lance les négociations en vue de créer une zone de libre-échange continentale (ZLEC). À Niamey (Niger), le 16 juin 2017, les ministres du commerce africains ont d’ores et déjà décidé de supprimer à terme 90 % des droits de douane entre les pays du continent.
Cet emballement libre-échangiste laisse songeur, en particulier dans le secteur agricole. Prenons le cas de l’Afrique de l’Ouest, qui fait face au triple défi d’un déficit alimentaire croissant, d’une explosion démographique et du changement climatique.
Les APE réclamés par l’Union européenne doivent réduire à zéro, dès la cinquième année d’application, les droits de douane sur les produits alimentaires de base que sont les céréales (hors riz) et la poudre de lait. Cela devrait non seulement accroître fortement la dépendance alimentaire, mais aussi ruiner les éleveurs laitiers et les producteurs de céréales locales (mil, sorgho, maïs) et autres produits amylacés (manioc, ignames, plantains).
Source: PAEPARD FEED
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